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During the last two decades, a new form of trade in commercial surrogacy grew across Asia. Starting in India, a "disruptive" model of surrogacy offered mass availability, rapid accessibility, and created new demands for surrogacy services from people who could not afford or access surrogacy elsewhere. In International Surrogacy as Disruptive Industry in Southeast Asia, Andrea Whittaker traces the development of this industry and its movement across Southeast Asia following a sequence of governmental bans in India, Nepal, Thailand, and Cambodia. Through a case study of the industry in Thailand, the book offers a nuanced and sympathetic examination of the industry from the perspectives of the people involved in it: surrogates, intended parents, and facilitators. The industry offers intended parents the opportunity to form much desired families, but also creates vulnerabilities for all people involved. These vulnerabilities became evident in cases of trafficking, exploitation, and criminality that emerged in southeast Asia, leading to greater scrutiny on the industry as a whole. Yet the trade continues in new flexible hybrid forms, involving the circulation of reproductive gametes, embryos, surrogates, and ova donors across international borders to circumvent regulations. The book demonstrates the need for new forms of regulation to protect those involved in international surrogacy arrangements.

Surrogate motherhood --- Social aspects --- Moral and ethical aspects --- Southeast Asia, surrogacy, international, Asia, India, Nepal, Thailand, Cambodia, clinics, ova donors, donors, commercial, trade, families, trafficking, exploitation, criminality, reproduction.

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La preuve de la filiation maternelle, résumée par l’un des adages les plus connus en droit de la famille, Mater semper certa est, a pendant longtemps semblé être une évidence voulue par la nature, donc ne posant que peu de problème juridique, à l’inverse de la paternité. Pourtant, l’évidence a-t-elle toujours été aussi flagrante ? Pourquoi ressentir le besoin de forger un adage ? Quelle fut sa valeur et a-t-il toujours parfaitement reflété la réalité ? Force est de constater que si la maternité est certaine, la preuve de celle-ci se heurte à plusieurs difficultés tant matérielles que processuelles. Il s’agit donc ici de s’interroger sur la place accordée en droit à l’accouchement, aux liens juridiques qu’il a établis entre la mère et son enfant, aux preuves permettant de réclamer sa filiation maternelle et réévaluer ces questionnements à l’aune des avancées scientifiques actuelles. Une bonne compréhension des retombées de celles-ci passe par une analyse de l’adage sur plusieurs siècles, de son apparition dans le droit romain à son application aujourd’hui, en passant par les périodes de l’ancien droit et du droit napoléonien, socles des dispositions actuelles, mais aussi par une perspective comparatiste. En effet, sur un tel sujet, il est indispensable d’envisager non seulement le droit applicable dans d’autres États, mais aussi les éventuels conflits de loi. Le problème de la preuve pose in fine celui de l’identité de la mère et donc de la filiation de l’enfant, enjeu majeur à l’heure où le droit pour tout individu de connaître ses origines se voit accorder une place croissante dans le paysage des droits subjectifs.

Medical law --- E-books --- BPB1804 --- Bioéthique --- Procréation artificielle --- Filiation --- Droit de la famille --- STRADALEX --- Maternité --- Bio-ethiek --- Kunstmatige voortplanting --- Afstamming --- Familierecht --- Moederschap --- Paternity --- Parent and child (Law) --- Illegitimacy --- Acknowledgment of children --- Surrogate motherhood --- Parents et enfants (Droit) --- Filiation naturelle --- Reconnaissance d'enfant --- Law and legislation --- Matrilineal kinship --- Filiation maternelle --- Filiation d'origine --- Filiation matrilinéaire --- Actes de congrès --- Droit --- Mères porteuses --- Mutterschaft --- moderskap --- moderskab --- maternidad --- mātes stāvoklis --- macierzyństwo --- majčinstvo --- mateřství --- emadus --- maternitate --- äitiys --- materstvo --- anyaság --- maternità --- maternidade --- amësi --- μητρότητα --- материнство --- мајчинство --- moederschap --- máithreachas --- motinystė --- materinstvo --- motherhood --- майчинство --- shtatzëni --- várandós nő --- graviditate --- κυοφορία --- trudnica --- förlossning --- tehotná žena --- Schwangere --- porod --- zwangerschap --- těhotná žena --- kraamvrouw --- sünnitus --- raskaana oleva nainen --- mulher grávida --- szülés --- fødsel --- Niederkunft --- havandeskap --- Entbindung --- svangerskab --- gestante --- femme enceinte --- gravidní žena --- födande kvinna --- terhesség --- gravid kvinde --- gravidita --- raskaus --- těhotenství --- pregnant woman --- Schwangerschaft --- gravidez --- έγκυος --- mujer gestante --- grūtniece --- izolim pas lindjes --- embarazo --- gestazione --- bevalling --- plánované mateřství --- accouchement --- födsel --- puerpera --- rase naine --- tehotenstvo --- бремена жена --- gimdymas --- rasedus --- grua shtatzënë --- graviditet --- εγκυμοσύνη --- maternity confinement --- pregnancy --- femeie însărcinată --- rodička --- nėštumas --- бременост --- rodící žena --- grossesse --- parturiente --- grūtniecība --- породување --- werdende Mutter --- zwangere vrouw --- pôrod --- gyermekágy --- parto --- synnytys --- trudnoća --- nėščioji --- liġi tal-familja --- οικογενειακό δίκαιο --- obiteljsko pravo --- Derecho de familia --- perekonnaõigus --- perhelainsäädäntö --- ģimenes tiesības --- family law --- prawo rodzinne --- familjerätt --- семејно право --- družinsko pravo --- e drejta e familjes --- rodinné právo --- породично право --- familierecht --- familieret --- Familienrecht --- šeimos teisė --- семейно право --- dlí teaghlaigh --- dreptul familiei --- családjog --- diritto di famiglia --- direito da família --- Anerkennung der Mutterschaft --- zákon o rodině --- родителско право --- leszármazás --- έννομη σχέση με τους ανιόντες --- descendant --- föräldraskap --- forældreskab --- potomec --- zstępni --- потомок --- järeltulija --- potomek --- afstamming --- palikuonis --- potomok --- filiație --- потомак --- filiação --- biologische Abstammung --- pasardhës --- jälkeläinen --- родство --- pēcnācējs --- potomak --- filiación --- dixxendent --- filiazione --- házasságon kívüli leszármazás --- légitimation --- reconocimiento de hijos --- slægtskab i lige linje --- filiação natural --- riconoscimento dei figli --- Anerkennung der Vaterschaft --- Ehelicherklärung --- egyenesági rokonság --- biologinen jälkeläinen --- οικογενειακή κατάσταση των τέκνων --- filiație legitimă --- wettiging --- põlvnemine --- biologische vader --- pokrevní potomek --- filiation naturelle --- biološko očinstvo --- filiazione matrimoniale --- pokrvný potomok --- νομιμοποίηση --- i paslindur jashtë martese --- природен потомок --- paternité biologique --- zakonski nasljednik --- bioloogiline järeltulija --- faderskap --- přímý potomek --- laulībā dzimis pēcnācējs --- förmynderskap --- biologinė tėvystė --- биолошко татковство --- biologiskt föräldraskap --- filiație naturală --- filiación no matrimonial --- legitimní potomek --- apaság elismerése --- törvényes leszármazás --- potomstvo --- директен потомок --- правно признавање деца родени надвор од брак --- filiation légitime --- i paslindur legjitim --- ārlaulības pēcnācējs --- paternidad biológica --- nesantuokinis palikuonis, pripažintas tėvo --- biologinen isyys --- určení otcovství --- legitimação --- νόμιμο τέκνο --- biologické otcovstvo --- seaduslik järeltulija --- legitimate descendant --- biologiskt faderskap --- biologické otcovství --- původ dítěte --- biologisk faderskab --- biological paternity --- признавање татковство --- φυσικός γονέας --- teisėtas palikuonis --- paternidade biológica --- natuurlijke afstamming --- atësi biologjike --- bioloogiline vanemlikkus --- lagligt erkännande av barn fött utom äktenskapet --- biologische Vaterschaft --- φυσικό τέκνο --- biološki potomak --- filiación matrimonial --- descendens --- биолошки потомок --- легитимен потомок --- filiação legítima --- onwettige afstamming --- biológiai származás --- laillinen jälkeläinen --- nicht eheliche Abstammung --- legitímny potomok --- Vaterschaftserklärung --- eheliche Abstammung --- wettige afstamming --- legitimatie --- natural descendant --- αναγνώριση τέκνου --- paternità biologica --- filiazione extramatrimoniale --- umetno razmnoževanje --- umělé oplodnění --- riproduzzjoni artifiċjali --- kunstlik viljastamine --- riprodhim artificial --- вештачка репродукција --- вештачко размножавање --- reprodução artificial --- kunstmatige voortplanting --- tehnici de reproducere artificială --- umelá reprodukcia --- kunstig forplantning --- dirbtinis apvaisinimas --- mesterséges megtermékenyítés --- sztuczna prokreacja --- mākslīgās ataudzes metodes --- künstliche Fortpflanzung --- procreazione artificiale --- umjetna oplodnja --- konstgjord befruktning --- зачеване по изкуствен път --- procreación artificial --- artificial reproduction --- τεχνητή τεκνοποίηση --- keinotekoinen lisääntyminen --- inseminnation hos människa --- darování embryí --- oploditev z biomedicinsko pomočjo --- liječenje neplodnosti --- teknika të riprodhimit artificial --- embryodonatie --- spermadonatie --- umelé počatie u ľudí --- darovanie embryí --- dhurim i vezëve --- asszisztált reprodukció --- sperm bank --- вештачко оплодување кај луѓето --- embrija transplantācija --- ιατρικά υποβοηθούμενη τεκνοποίηση --- banca dello sperma --- infertility treatment --- asistovaná reprodukce člověka --- medizinisch unterstützte Fortpflanzung --- artificial fertilisation --- вантелесна оплодња --- riprodhim artificial te njeriu --- fécondation artificielle --- petesejt adományozása --- banka sperme --- fertilizare artificială --- procreare artificială umană --- assisted fertilisation --- fecondazione medicalmente assistita --- hedelmöityshoito --- sperm donor --- spermatozoīdu donors --- tratament pentru infertilitate --- asszisztált humán reprodukció --- spermanluovuttaja --- doação de esperma --- assisterad reproduktion --- spermos donorystė --- банка сперме --- Samenspende --- lekársky asistované počatie --- υποβοηθούμενη αναπαραγωγή ανθρώπων --- донација на сперма --- донатор сперме --- prokreazzjoni artifiċjali umana --- bankë sperme --- artificial human reproduction --- sperm donation --- prokreazzjoni medika assistita --- донација сперме --- донација ембриона --- konceptim i ndihmuar --- procreazione medicalmente assistita --- prokreacja wspomagana medycznie --- embryo donation --- künstliche Befruchtung --- донирање јајце-клетки --- doniranje jajnih stanica --- dhurues i spermës --- embrüodoonorlus --- artificial fertilization --- don de sperme --- fecundación artificial --- зачеване по изкуствен път при човека --- donation af sæd --- лечење неплодност --- dirbtinis žmogaus apvaisinimas --- τράπεζα σπέρματος --- Samenbank --- nevaisingumo gydymas --- egg donation --- asistovaná ľudská reprodukcia --- spermadonation --- fecundação artificial --- kunstig befrugtning --- doniranje embrija --- In-vitro-Fertilisierung --- umělá reprodukce u člověka --- umetna oploditev --- lapsettomuushoito --- procréation artificielle humaine --- oploditev s človeško pomočjo --- spermos bankas --- reprodução humana assistida --- semenska banka --- τεχνητή τεκνοποίηση ανθρώπων --- асистирана репродукция при човека --- embriódonor --- darování spermií --- procréation médicalement assistée --- donación de embriones --- spermabank --- assisterad befruktning --- banque de sperme --- донација на ембрион --- neauglības ārstēšana --- spermapankki --- reproduction humaine assistée --- pagalbinis žmogaus apvaisinimas --- reproducción humana asistida --- embryodonation --- donazione di embrioni --- даряване на сперма --- δωρεά εμβρύων --- medicinski potpomognuta oplodnja --- assisted human reproduction --- darovanie spermií --- alkion luovutus --- donazzjoni ta' sperma --- mākslīgās pavairošanas metodes --- dhurim i embrionit --- mākslīgā apaugļošana --- donazzjoni ta' embrijuni --- procriação medicamente assistida --- sperma adományozása --- fecondazione artificiale --- donatur tal-isperma --- procreación médicamente asistida --- doniranje sperme --- donazione di sperma --- даряване на ембриони --- don d'embryons --- augļa ieņemšana un attīstības sekmēšana ar medicīnas līdzekļu palīdzību --- ИВФ третман --- darovanje semena --- assisted fertilization --- In-vivo-Befruchtung --- banka spermií --- doação de embriões --- keinohedelmöitys --- sædbank --- Embryonenspende --- donación de esperma --- kunstmatige bevruchting --- kiaušinėlio donorystė --- fertilizzazzjoni artfiċjali --- банка за сперма --- ngjizje artificiale --- sztuczne zapłodnienie u ludzi --- riproduzzjoni umana assistita --- umělé reprodukční techniky --- bank tal-isperma --- sperman luovutus --- dzimumšūnu banka --- ВТО --- изкуствено зачеване --- tehnike umjetne oplodnje --- assistierte Reproduktion --- spermatozoīdu ievadīšana --- техники на вештачко оплодување --- dawstwo embrionów --- dhurim i spermës --- konceptim i asistuar --- procreación artificial humana --- riproduzione umana assistita --- procriação artificial humana --- donator sperme --- insemination --- banco de esperma --- медицински помогнато оплодување --- darovanje jajčec --- лечење стерилитета --- bank nasienia --- lombikbébi-program --- dawstwo nasienia --- reproducere umană asistată --- lékařsky asistovaná reprodukce --- spermapank --- лекуване на безплодие --- lisääntymishoidot --- trajtim i mungesës së pjellorisë --- embriono donorystė --- spermadoonorlus --- umelé oplodnenie --- viljatusravi --- konceptim artificial --- riprodhim i asistuar te njeriu --- донација јајне ћелије --- fecundación médicamente asistida --- artificial reproductive techniques --- cilvēku mākslīgā apaugļošana --- donation af embryoner --- léčba neplodnosti --- δωρεά σπέρματος --- procreazione artificiale umana --- βιοηθική --- bijoetika --- bioética --- bioetica --- bioētika --- bio-ethics --- bioeetika --- биоетика --- bioetyka --- bioetiikka --- bio-ethiek --- bioetică --- bioetik --- Bioethik --- bioetika --- lääkärin etiikka --- κώδικας ιατρικής ηθικής --- etică medicală --- etica medica --- медицинска етика --- ética médica --- medical ethics --- bioëthiek --- arstieetika --- medizinische Ethik --- medicīniskā ētika --- orvosi etika --- éthique médicale --- medicinos etika --- etikë mjekësore --- medicinska etika --- medische ethiek --- meditsiinieetika --- medicinsk etik --- Human body --- Bioethics --- International law --- Droit. --- sliochtach --- atáirgeadh saorga --- bitheitic --- Paternity - France - Congresses. --- Matrilineal kinship - France - Congresses. --- Filiation maternelle - Actes de congrès --- Filiation d'origine - Actes de congrès --- Filiation - France - Congrès. --- Filiation matrilinéaire - France - Congrès. --- France --- Royaume-Uni --- Inde --- Maternité --- Bioéthique --- Procréation artificielle